Paul continues his discussion of God's work among Paul's ethnic group, the Jews. In this passage he warns the Gentiles against complacency and arrogance.
Romans 11:1-6, Did God reject Israel?
I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. God did not reject his people, whom he foreknew.
Don't you know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah--how he appealed to God against Israel: "Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars; I am the only one left, and they are trying to kill me"
And what was God's answer to him? "I have reserved for myself seven thousand who have not bowed the knee to Baal."
So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. And if by grace, then it is no longer by works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace.
As in times passed, God continues to work through a remnant of Israel, including Paul! Here Paul remembers Elijah's despair as he attempts to revive Israel.
The quote in verse 3 is from I Kings 19:10-14 and the quote in the next verse is from 1 Kings 19:18.
Romans 11:7-10, God often chastises Israel
What then? What Israel sought so earnestly it did not obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened, as it is written: "God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes so that they could not see and ears so that they could not hear, to this very day." And David says: "May their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them. May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever."
The Old Testament quote in verse 8 is from Deuteronomy 29:4; Isaiah 29:10 and the quote in verses 9 & 10 is from Psalm 69:22-23. In each of these passages, the writer describes God's judgment and chastening of the Jewish people. Paul argues that this has not changed.
Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all! Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious. But if their transgression means riches for the world, and their loss means riches for the Gentiles, how much greater riches will their fullness bring!
Paul looks forward to his countrymen embracing their Messiah!
Romans 11:13-18, Be grateful and remember Israel!
I am talking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles, I make much of my ministry in the hope that I may somehow arouse my own people to envy and save some of them. For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead
If the part of the dough offered as firstfruits is holy, then the whole batch is holy; if the root is holy, so are the branches. If some of the branches have been broken off, and you, though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root, do not boast over those branches. If you do, consider this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you.
If arrogant Gentiles are tempted to think, "God loves us more than the Jews!" then Paul responds that the Jewish people are the "root" of God's work.
Romans 11:19-21, Gentiles should not be arrogant!
You will say then, "Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in." Granted. But they were broken off because of unbelief, and you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but be afraid. For if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either.
If Jews could be moved aside to welcome Gentiles, then these new guests could be moved aside even more so! This spirit of this passage should confront any anti-Semitism appearing in the thoughts of a Gentile Christian.
Romans 11:22-24, Grafted in again
Consider therefore the kindness and sternness of God: sternness to those who fell, but kindness to you, provided that you continue in his kindness. Otherwise, you also will be cut off. And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. After all, if you were cut out of an olive tree that is wild by nature, and contrary to nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree, how much more readily will these, the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree!
When the Jews embrace God by faith, how much better and natural will be that long-planned relationship!
Romans 11:25-27, All Israel will be saved
I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, so that you may not be conceited: Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in. And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: "The deliverer will come from Zion; he will turn godlessness away from Jacob. And this is my covenant with them when I take away their sins."
Ultimately, says Paul, the Messiah will be welcomed by his people.
The Old Testament quote in verse 27 is a summary of a number of Old Testament passages, Isaiah 59:20-21, Isaiah 27:9, or Jeremiah 31:33-34.
The Old Testament quote in verse 27 is a summary of a number of Old Testament passages, Isaiah 59:20-21, Isaiah 27:9, or Jeremiah 31:33-34.
As far as the gospel is concerned, they are enemies on your account; but as far as election is concerned, they are loved on account of the patriarchs, for God's gifts and his call are irrevocable. Just as you who were at one time disobedient to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience, so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now receive mercy as a result of God's mercy to you. For God has bound all men over to disobedience so that he may have mercy on them all.
Paul returns to a theme: all people, whether Jew or Gentile, are disobedient and in need of God's mercy.
Romans 11:33-36, The depth of the wisdom of God!
Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out!
"Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?"
"Who has ever given to God, that God should repay him?"
For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever! Amen.
Paul has concluded the theological-philosophical portion of this letter. In the next chapter, he argues that this knowledge leads to new life and new actions.
The Old Testament quote in verse 34 is from Isaiah 40:13 and the quote in verse 35 is from Job 41:11.
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