John 10: 30-42, Belief and Unbelief

Jesus has claimed that he is the "good shepherd" and then has gone on to claim more, that he is the Creator of all sheep!

John 10: 30, One with God
I and the Father are one.”

To the Jews (and to modern Muslims), a mortal claiming himself equal to God is committing a sin of blasphemy.  Jesus's claim here is then either blasphemous or true.  There are no gray areas here.

John 10: 31-38, Believe the miracles!
Again his Jewish opponents picked up stones to stone him, 
32 but Jesus said to them, “I have shown you many good works from the Father. For which of these do you stone me?”

33 “We are not stoning you for any good work,” they replied, “but for blasphemy, because you, a mere man, claim to be God.”

34 Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your Law, ‘I have said you are “gods”’? 
35 If he called them ‘gods,’ to whom the word of God came—and Scripture cannot be set aside— 
36 what about the one whom the Father set apart as his very own and sent into the world? Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, ‘I am God’s Son’? 
37 Do not believe me unless I do the works of my Father. 
38 But if I do them, even though you do not believe me, believe the works, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.” 

The charge of blasphemy is clear.  The Old Testament quote in verse 34 is from Psalm 82:6.  It is a strange quote, for in context it seems to conflict with Israel's commitment to the Shema ("God is One") as presented in Deuteronomy 6:4-5.

Along with the tangental comment that "Scripture cannot be set aside", Jesus challenges his listeners to believe him because fo the works (miracles) that they have seen.  These miracles show that God is at work through Jesus.

John 10: 39-42, Belief
Again they tried to seize him, but he escaped their grasp.

40 Then Jesus went back across the Jordan to the place where John had been baptizing in the early days. There he stayed, 
41 and many people came to him. They said, “Though John never performed a sign, all that John said about this man was true.” 
42 And in that place many believed in Jesus.

Again there seems to be an attempt to seize Jesus but, says the gospel writer, he escapes.  No details are provided.  Then Jesus leaves Jerusalem and travels back across the Jordan, to the region where John the Baptist has ministered. There he welcomes guests and "many believe".

In the next chapter the gospel writer will report one more extraordinary event left out of the other three gospels.